Pictured left to right: Dr. Toscano, Dr. Rashead, Mrs. Alford (patient), Dr. Cowings, and Susan Smithwick, student nurse.

Dr. Cowings first introduces a patient to the AFS-2 hardware.

Preparing to begin an AFTE session.

The primary purpose of this training is to determine if technology developed to facilitate astronaut adaptation to space will be valuable for providing patients suffering from Autonomic Neuropathy (e.g., Chronic intestinal Pseudo-obstruction Syndrome - CIPS) or vestibular pathology (e.g., Meniere's syndrome) with symptomatic relief from nausea and/or hypotension. The procedure, Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), is a training method which involves teaching subjects to voluntarily control several of their own physiological responses to environmental stressors. Patients wore the Autogenic-Feedback System-2 (AFS-2) during sessions conducted with the Autogenic Clinical Lab System (ACLS).