Industry Activities: Research Projects
Description:
Currently conducting research assessing (1) Differential fatigue
and performance effects of driving single and triple trailer rigs on the road,
(2) overtime and shift effects in maritime settings. Have previously evaluated
the effects of overtime operator and maintainer on nuclear power plant
performance and developed recommended guidelines for personnel protecting
critical resources.
Objective:
The general objective of these activities is to assess the
efficacy of current overtime standards and guidelines and development
alternatives where indicated.
Type of activity:
Research project
Accident investigation
Regulatory activity
Publications
Timeline:
Start date: 1990; continuing through 1996 (some elements).
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
Baker, K., Olson, J. & Morisseau (1993) Work practices
fatigue, and nuclear power plant safety performance. Human Factors 36, 244-257.
"Can Drivers Avoid Falling Asleep at the Wheel?"
Description:
Research report on relationship between awareness of sleepiness
and ability to predict sleep onset.
Objective:
Assess individual's self-awareness of likelihood of falling asleep.
Type of activity:
Research project
Publications
Timeline:
Start date: 1992; end date 2/93.
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
Essex Corp. Fatigue Countermeasures Project
Description:
Investigation of fatigue in long-haul truck drivers operations on
the highway with revenue loads.
Objective:
Define fatigue measures useful for countermeasure development.
Type of activity:
Research project
Timeline:
Start date: 1989; end date: 1/96.
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
Evaluation Systems, Inc.
Description:
Development, test, and evaluation of fatigue-sensitive fitness-for-duty tests for trucking.
Objective:
Market the ReadyShift(TM) and Smart Truk(TM) systems.
Type of activity:
Research project
Timeline:
Start date: 1990
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
Allen, R.W., Stein, A, Miller, J Performance Testing as a
Determinant of Fitness for Duty. Technical Paper 901870, Society of Automotive
Engineers, Warrendale PA, 1990.
Stein, A, Parseghian, Z., Allen, R.W., Miller, J, Schramm, N.T. Development of the Railroad Advanced Imparement Locator System (RAILS) (STI-TR-1283-1) FRA Contract DTRS-57-90-C-00127). Hawthorne CA: Systems Technology, Inc., 1991.
Work/Rest Review Task Force
Description:
Statistical analysis of locomotive engineer duty and off-duty cycles, to be combined with other subjective and objective information related to engineers' work sites.
Objective:
Determine if we can establish a connection between work/rest
cycles and incident rates.
Type of activity:
Research project
Timeline:
Start date: Spring 1992; open.
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
Industry Activities: Education
Description:
AHL has developed a training module for the Marine Industry based on the
NASA Fatigue Countermeasures Program Education
and Training Module. This program specifically addresses the factors
contributing to fatigue and the resultant safety concerns fatigue raises
in the marine work environment. Additionally, AHL has initiated subjective
survey and original research programs within its fleet and other transportation
related industries.
Program segments are presented as a progression of knowledge designed to review the science of sleep, the cause and effects of fatigue, and the practice of Fatigue Management in the marine environment, comprehensively. Included are analysis of the one-, two-, and three-watch systems, as well as Vessel Management strategies specifically focused on Human Factors and Fatigue Countermeasures.
Objective:
The objective of the training program is to increase overall
awareness to the issue of fatigue, and to stimulate a sensitivity to procedures
within the fleet which will improve the performance, alertness, and safety of
operations overall.
Type of activity:
Research project
Education
Accident investigation
Regulatory activity
Database maintenance
Publications
Working group
Meetings
Timeline:
This program commenced late in June 1995 and will continue being
offered both ashore and at sea.
Other information:
AHL is additionally compiling the following training modules:
Human Factors in Oil Spill/HAZMAT Response; Human Factors in Piloting,
Navigation Controls, and Bridge Resource Management; Human Factors in Liquid
Cargo Operations; Human Factors in Bulk and Dry Cargo Operations; Glossary of
Human Factors and Fatigue related terms.
Relevant references/citations:
Affiliations and Partnerships: Masters, Mates & Pilots; Maritime Institute of Technology.
Education of the Driving Public
Description:
Drive Alert...Arrive Alive and Great American Break for Safety
campaigns to raise public awareness about the dangers of drowsy driving;
publication and dissemination of brochures on the dangers of drowsy driving,
nature of sleep, when you can't sleep, particular sleep disorders, etc.
Objective:
To raise public awareness, reduce accidents, heighten quality of
life, further research, improve treatment and prevention.
Type of activity:
Education
Database maintenance
Publications
Meetings
Timeline:
Start date: December 1993; ongoing.
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
New Pilot Induction Training
Description:
The Occupational Health Department has a block of 3 hours during
that training program to give aeromedical training including the 1 hour NASA
presentation on Alertness Management in Flight Operations.
Objective:
To give the new pilots basic aeromedical facts relevant to their job.
Type of activity:
Education
Timeline:
Start date 6/13/95; ongoing.
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
The Human Factors Group
Description:
The Human Factors Group is an independent and private association
of Industry, research, and medical professionals who are engaged in the study
of human factors, fatigue, workload, manning, training, and other performance
related subjects.
Objective:
The objective of the Human Factors Group is to provide the
Industry, legislators, and enforcement bodies, with a single and independent
resource for information and training regarding human factors, fatigue,
workload, safety, and other performance related issues. The Human Factors Group
also sponsors and maintains the Marine Safety Reporting System, which has been
initiated to facilitate the transfer of data within the Industry itself.
Overall, the Human Factors Group functions as an intelligent resource working
to improve the safety of all types of operations through the education of those
most at risk, affected, or interested.
Type of activity:
Research project
Education
Accident investigation
Regulatory activity
Database maintenance
Publications
Working group
Meetings
Timeline:
The resources of the Human Factors Group are available. The
Marine Safety Reporting System was established September 1, 1995.
Other information:
The Human Factors Group maintains an inventory of select fatigue
and human-machine related publications and offers the following training
modules:
Transportation related topics: Human Factors in the Marine Environment; Human Factors in Pilot Operations; Human Factors in Oil Spill / HAZMAT Response; Human Factors in Navigation Controls and BRM; Human Factors in Liquid Cargo Operations; Human Factors in Bulk and Dry Cargo Operations; Human Factors in Container Crane Operations.
Other topics: Human Factors in Education; Human Factors in the Medical Profession; Human Factors in the Legal Profession; Human Factors in Shift Work Environments; Glossary of Human Factors and Fatigue Related Terms.
Relevant references/citations:
The School of Sleep Medicine (SSM)
Description:
The School of Sleep Medicine was founded to provide high quality
education for the medical community worldwide--in particular, but not limited
to pulmonologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians and general
practitioners in the U.S. and other countries. We also provide information
about sleep and sleep disorders to benefit the general public.
Objective:
Our purposed is to increase awareness among physicians and other
health care professionals of the nature and treatment of sleep disorders. To
accomplish this, the school offers courses which include lectures and workshops
in Clinical Polysomnography and Sleep Medicine. We provide the necessary
knowledge base for clinical practice to enable effective evaluation,
appropriate diagnosis and proper treatment of sleep disorders. We also conduct
courses to accommodate physicians preparing for the Boards in Sleep Medicine
and technologists preparing for registration exams.
Type of activity:
Education
Timeline:
ongoing
Other information:
Scheduled courses.
Relevant references/citations:
"Wake Up!" Campaign
Description:
12 page consumer brochure on dangers of driving drowsy and how to
avoid doing so; 12 page brochure for professional truck drivers, same subject;
two 30-second radio public service announcements targeted at college-age males,
same subject.
Objective:
Reduce traffic crashes caused by drowsy driving.
Type of activity:
Education
Publications
Timeline:
Start date: December 1994; ongoing.
Other information:
Single copies of brochures available for free; please send
self-addressed, stamped business size (#10) envelope. Multiple copies of
brochures available for $5.00 per bundle of 50. Custom printing (organization's
logo, etc.) available for quantities of 5,000 or more. Radio PSAs available for
free to radio stations.
Relevant references/citations:
Industry Activities: Databases
Description:
The Marine Safety Reporting System (MSRS) is a data collection
system modeled after the NASA
Aviation Safety Reporting System. This program is
available to all mariners of all types, whether professional, commercial, or
private, as well as marine related facilities and services. The system utilizes
pre-printed forms which are available at many public and private locations,
including suppliers, schools, labor organizations, and by request, however
reports will be accepted in English in any format.
Objective:
The primary objective of the MSRS is to collect and analyze data
regarding human factors, fatigue, workload, and performance, through an
anonymous vehicle. This data will then be analyzed and returned to the Industry
and legislature through the mechanism of publications, public hearings, comment
periods, conferences, and by request. The ambition of the MSRS program is to
improve the transfer of data and "lessons learned" within the Industry, as well
as to identify issues requiring correction, without fear of personal economic
or legislative reprisal.
Type of activity:
Research project
Education
Accident investigation
Regulatory activity
Database maintenance
Publications
Working group
Meetings
Timeline:
The system was initiated September 1, 1995, and will continue to
receive reports and data until further notice.
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
Industry Activities: Working Groups
Airline Pilots Association (ALPA)
Description:
ALPA participated in the FAA's Aviation Rulemaking Advisory
Committee (ARAC) Flight Time/Duty Time Working Group which recommended changes
to the current FARs concerning flight time and duty time for airline pilots.
Objective:
Improve aviation safety through controlling the current fatigue problems.
Type of activity:
Regulatory activity
Database maintenance
Working group
Meetings
Timeline:
Start date:
Other information:
Communications network that reaches the major portion of active
regional airline pilots quickly. Primary expertise in regional airline
scheduling matters.
Relevant references/citations:
Current active regional airline pilot with 10 years experience.
Industry Activities: Meetings/Consultants
Transportation Research Board (TRB) Annual Meeting
Description:
International meeting covering all aspects of transportation
including human performance. Technical presentations and technical committee
meetings last for 5 days.
Objective:
Research dissemination and identification of trends and research
needs.
Type of activity:
Meetings
Timeline:
Start date: January 7; activity end date: January 13, 1996;
other: meets annually in January in Washington DC each year.
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
Alertness Assurance
Description:
A comprehensive process which diagnoses the specific causes of
fatigue in a round-the-clock organization, and then designs and implements a
specially tailored package of fatigue countermeasures to reduce the risk in
that organization. The process uses a win-win approach which enables employees,
union leaders, and managers to work together to identify the procedures,
practices, and behaviors which contribute to fatigue, then develop and roll-out
effective solutions.
Objective:
Type of activity:
Research project
Education
Regulatory activity
Timeline:
ongoing
Other information:
The Alertness Assurance Process has been used in railroads,
marine operations, and other industries to achieve demonstrable reductions in
the risks and costs associated with fatigue.
Relevant references/citations:
Aviation Research Associates
Description:
Aviation safety research.
Objective:
To investigate and mitigate aviation safety related issues.
Type of activity:
Research project
Education
Accident investigation
Working group
Meetings
Timeline:
current
Other information:
Chairman SAE G-10 Crew Fitness sub committee. ALPA Human
Performance Committee.
Relevant references/citations:
Design of Comprehensive Fatigue Management System
Description:
Developed for a variety of transportation companies (e.g.
railroads and shipping companies), this system evaluates risk of fatigue and
prioritizes solutions.
Objective:
Develop solutions that are cost effective and cost savings.
Type of activity:
Research project
Timeline:
ongoing
Other information:
Can also be expanded into a risk management system for
comprehensive applications in safety programs.
Relevant references/citations:
Utilizes workshops and seminars to help design and implement
solutions that reduce fatigue. References: Captain Jerry Aspland, ARCO
Transportation (ret.); Mr. John Pollard, INTSC (Volpe).
Fatigue Applications in Transportation Systems: Analytical Studies, Research, Education, & Regulatory Development
Description:
Star Mountain psychologists, human factors specialists,
transportation system safety evaluation and management experts regularly: a)
accomplish analytical studies, b) provide system design advice, c) develop
software, and enact hardware integration in transportation related systems, and
d) present lectures and applications seminars on "fatigue and human
performance" to transportation system safety, applications and regulatory
personnel.
Objective:
Provide transportation system designers, safety managers,
regulators, program planners and evaluators with a) user-centered design
approach for analyzing transportation information systems, and b) supply
applied science insights into the influence of fatigue upon human performance
in various transportation systems: including automobile, truck, aircraft,
ships, boats and other watercraft systems.
Type of activity:
Research project
Education
Accident investigation
Regulatory activity
Database maintenance
Publications
Working group
Meetings
Timeline:
Other information:
Star Mountain accomplishes accident data analyses, analytical
assessment of fatigue-related programs, recommendations on fatigue management
and countermeasures design, arrangement and coordination of technical
publications outlets.
Relevant references/citations:
Krueger, G.P. Sustained work, fatigue, sleep loss and
performance: A review of the issues. Work & Stress, 1989, 3 (2) 129-141.
Comperatore, C.A. & Krueger, G.P., Circadian rhythm desynchronosis, jet lag, shift lag, and coping strategies. In: Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 1990, Vol 5, No. 2, 323-341.
Krueger, G.P. Sustained Military performance in continuous operations: Combatant fatigue, rest and sleep needs. In R. Gal & A.D. Managlesdorff (Eds.) Handbook of Military Psychology, 1991, Chicheserr, UK: Wiler & Sons.
Industry Activities: Other
Flight Crew Sleeping Facilities
Description:
Gulfstream Aerospace is developing options for flight crew sleeping facilities in small transport airplanes.
Objective:
To provide an adequate crew rest/sleeping facility for the business class of airplane.
Type of activity:
Research project
Timeline:
Start date: January 1995; end date: February 1996.
Other information:
Relevant references/citations:
Southwest Airlines Company
Description:
Our company is a FAR 121 domestic airline. Our efforts focus on
schedule design and the education of individual crew members regarding fatigue
and countermeasures.
Objective:
Scheduled air service safety.
Type of activity:
Education
Accident investigation
Timeline:
ongoing
Other information:
We'd like to be involved in on-going dialogue relative to this
issue as it pertains to the airline industry.
Relevant references/citations: