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Gregg
Shifts in air traffic controllers' situation awareness during high altitude mixed equipage operations
Shifts in air traffic controllers' situation awareness during high altitude mixed equipage operations
Not subject to U.S. copyright restrictions. DOI 10.1177/1071181312561040
Not subject to U.S. copyright restrictions. DOI 10.1177/1071181312561040
Not subject to U.S. copyright restrictions. DOI 10.1177/1071181312561040
Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 (Windows); modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XT
2012-07-13T13:58:12-05:00
2013-08-01T17:03:11-07:00
2013-08-01T17:03:11-07:00
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-0.0007 Tc 0.0022 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD
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/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 17.2335 0 Td
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-0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw -16.1018 -1.1497 Td
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-0.00191 Tc 0.0034 Tw -1.1317 -1.1437 Td
[(r)-4.2 (e)-1.2 (spon)-4.9 (ses t)6.5 (o)-4.9 ( SA)-4.3 ( )6 (q)-4.9 (u)-4.9 (e)4.8 (stio)-4.9 (n)-4.9 (s)4 ( \()-4.2 (i)6.5 (nclu)-4.9 (d)-4.9 (i)0.5 (ng)-4.9 ( )6 (some )6 (no)-4.9 (t r)-4.2 (e)4.8 (po)-4.9 (r)-4.2 (t)0.5 (ed h)-4.9 (e)4.8 (re\))-4.2 ( )]TJ
0.00011 Tc 0.0014 Tw T*
[(gave)6.8 ( an une)6.8 (x)-2.9 (pectedly c)6.8 (o)-2.9 (nsistent)]TJ
-0.0014 Tc 0.0029 Tw 12.8922 0 Td
[( p)-4.4 (i)1 (cture )6 (o)-4.4 (f)2.3 ( ou)-4.4 (r p)-4.4 (a)5.3 (rticip)-4.4 (an)-4.4 (ts\222 )]TJ
0.0002 Tc 0.0013 Tw -12.8922 -1.1497 Td
[(approaches)6.1 ( to )6 (how t)8.6 (h)-2.8 (ey foc)6.9 (u)-2.8 (s)6.1 (e)0.9 (d )]TJ
0.0007 Tc 0.00079 Tw 13.0599 0 Td
[(thei)9.1 (r ef)4.4 (f)4.4 (o)-2.3 (rts )6 (to ge)7.4 (ne)7.4 (rate an)3.7 (d)3.7 ( )]TJ
-0.00191 Tc 0.0034 Tw -13.0599 -1.1437 Td
[(main)-4.9 (tain)-4.9 ( aw)-4.3 (ar)-4.2 (en)-4.9 (ess. I)-4.2 (t)0.5 ( seems t)6.5 (h)-4.9 (at on)-4.9 (e )6 (gr)-4.2 (oup)-4.9 ( \(G)-4.3 (rou)-4.9 (p)1.1 ( 2\))-4.2 ( )6 (w)-4.3 (a)-1.2 (s )]TJ
0.0011 Tc 0.0004 Tw T*
[(t)3.5 (r)-1.2 (yi)3.5 (n)4.1 (g)-1.9 ( t)9.5 (o)-1.9 ( c)7.8 (onst)9.5 (r)4.8 (uct)3.5 ( an)4.1 (d )6 (mai)3.5 (n)-1.9 (t)3.5 (a)7.8 (i)3.5 (n)-1.9 ( t)3.5 (h)-1.9 (ei)3.5 (r)4.8 ( S)6.4 (A)-1.3 ( as t)9.5 (h)-1.9 (ey)4.1 ( ha)7.8 (ve al)9.5 (wa)7.8 (ys )]TJ
0.0016 Tc -0.00011 Tw 28.7425 65.4311 Td
[(do)4.6 (ne,)6.1 ( w)5.2 (h)-1.4 (e)8.3 (r)-0.7 (eas )6 (anot)10 (her)5.3 ( g)4.6 (r)-0.7 (o)4.6 (u)4.6 (p)-1.4 (, )6 (Gr)5.3 (o)4.6 (u)-1.4 (p)4.6 ( 1)4.6 (,)0.1 ( ma)8.3 (y )6 (have)8.3 ( bee)8.3 (n)-1.4 ( )]TJ
0 Tw T*
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-0.00191 Tc 0.0034 Tw 0 -1.1437 TD
[(th)-4.9 (e au)-4.9 (t)6.5 (o)-4.9 (mated )6 (reso)-4.9 (l)6.5 (u)-4.9 (tio)-4.9 (ns an)-4.9 (d th)-4.9 (e task)-4.9 ( redu)-4.9 (ctio)-4.9 (n)-4.9 ( t)6.5 (h)-4.9 (at )]TJ
0.0004 Tc 0.0011 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD
[(accompanie)7.1 (d e)7.1 (qui)8.8 (ppe)7.1 (d ai)8.8 (rcra)7.1 (ft. Thus, the)7.1 (r)-1.9 (e s)6.3 (eemed t)8.8 (o)-2.6 ( )6 (be two )]TJ
0.0002 Tc -0.0047 Tw T*
[(approaches: ha)6.9 (lf )-6 (of our par)]TJ
-0.00191 Tc 0.0034 Tw 10.7605 0 Td
[(ticip)-4.9 (an)-4.9 (ts fav)-4.9 (o)1.1 (red)-4.9 ( i)6.5 (n)-4.9 (creased)-4.9 ( )]TJ
-0.00169 Tc 0.0032 Tw -10.7605 -1.1437 Td
[(au)-4.7 (to)-4.7 (mation)-4.7 ( capab)-4.7 (ilities fo)-4.7 (r d)-4.7 (i)0.7 (rectin)-4.7 (g)-4.7 ( th)-4.7 (ei)6.7 (r atten)-4.7 (tio)-4.7 (n to)-4.7 ( )6 (wh)-4.7 (ere )]TJ
-0.0023 Tc 0.0038 Tw T*
[(th)-5.3 (ey)-5.3 ( )6 (n)-5.3 (e)-1.6 (ed)-5.3 (ed h)-5.3 (i)6.1 (g)-5.3 (h)0.7 ( situ)-5.3 (ation)-5.3 ( awar)]TJ
0.0004 Tc -0.0049 Tw [0.4 (enes)6.3 (s, where)7.1 (a)1.1 (s )-6 (the othe)7.1 (r half )]TJ
-0.0023 Tc 0.0038 Tw T*
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-0.0015 Tc 0.00301 Tw 0 -1.1437 TD
[(th)-4.5 (e con)-4.5 (t)0.9 (ri)6.9 (b)-4.5 (u)-4.5 (tion)-4.5 (s)-1.6 ( )6 (o)-4.5 (f)2.2 ( au)-4.5 (t)6.9 (o)-4.5 (matio)-4.5 (n. )6 (Wh)-4.5 (ilst th)-4.5 (ere was no)-4.5 ( statistical )]TJ
0.0018 Tc -0.00031 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD
[(di)4.2 (ffe)8.5 (re)8.5 (nce i)4.2 (n)4.8 ( c)8.5 (ont)10.2 (rol)4.2 (l)4.2 (e)2.5 (r )6 (pe)8.5 (rf)5.5 (or)5.5 (mance )6 (bet)4.2 (w)-0.6 (ee)8.5 (n t)4.2 (h)-1.2 (e)8.5 ( t)4.2 (w)5.4 (o )6 (gr)5.5 (o)4.8 (u)4.8 (p)-1.2 (s,)6.3 ( )]TJ
-0.00079 Tc 0.0023 Tw T*
[(th)-3.8 (ere )6 (was )6 (some in)-3.8 (d)-3.8 (i)1.6 (cation)-3.8 ( that try)-3.8 (i)1.6 (ng)-3.8 ( t)7.6 (o)-3.8 ( mai)7.6 (n)-3.8 (tain)-3.8 ( a )6 (g)-3.8 (e)5.9 (n)-3.8 (e)-0.1 (ral )6 (SA )]TJ
-0.0005 Tc 0.002 Tw 0 -1.1437 TD
[(\(as c)6.2 (u)-3.5 (rrent )6 (da)6.2 (y controllers )]TJ
-0.00011 Tc 0.0016 Tw 10.6946 0 Td
[(do\) became)6.6 ( ha)6.6 (rder with t)8.3 (h)-3.1 (e )]TJ
0.0002 Tc 0.0013 Tw -10.6946 -1.1497 Td
[(increase)6.9 (d)-2.8 ( tra)6.9 (ffi)8.6 (c as )6 (bot)8.6 (h L)6.3 (o)-2.8 (S )6 (events)6.1 ( occ)6.9 (u)-2.8 (rre)6.9 (d)-2.8 ( in sectors )6 (where )]TJ
-0.0014 Tc 0.0029 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD
[(p)-4.4 (a)-0.7 (rticip)-4.4 (an)-4.4 (ts d)-4.4 (e)5.3 (scrib)-4.4 (e)5.3 (d)-4.4 ( th)-4.4 (ei)7 (r SA as b)-4.4 (e)-0.7 (tter )6 (un)-4.4 (der co)-4.4 (nd)-4.4 (itio)-4.4 (n)-4.4 (s)4.5 ( )]TJ
-0.0015 Tc 0.00301 Tw 0 -1.1437 TD
[(similar to)-4.5 ( th)-4.5 (e cu)-4.5 (rren)-4.5 (t )6 (d)-4.5 (a)5.2 (y)-4.5 ( )6 (\(Gro)-4.5 (up)-4.5 ( )6 (2\) \(see )6 (Homo)-4.5 (la, et al., )6 (2)-4.5 (0)1.5 (1)-4.5 (2)1.5 ( )]TJ
0.00011 Tc 0.0014 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD
[(for )6 (workloa)6.8 (d)-2.9 ( a)6.8 (ssessme)6.8 (n)-2.9 (ts\). )6 (As)]TJ
-0.0007 Tc 0.0022 Tw 12.4491 0 Td
[( air traffic increases i)7.7 (n)-3.7 ( the)6 ( )]TJ
-0.00191 Tc 0.0034 Tw -12.4491 -1.1497 Td
[(fu)-4.9 (t)6.5 (u)-4.9 (re, con)-4.9 (t)0.5 (ro)-4.9 (llers )6 (will n)-4.9 (eed to d)-4.9 (e)4.8 (v)-4.9 (e)-1.2 (lop)-4.9 ( an)-4.9 (d use SA )6 (b)-4.9 (u)-4.9 (ild)-4.9 (i)6.5 (n)-4.9 (g )]TJ
-0.0006 Tc 0.00211 Tw 0 -1.1437 TD
[(strategies that i)7.8 (n)-3.6 (corporate th)]TJ
-0.00031 Tc -0.0042 Tw 11.3413 0 Td
[(e assistance of )-6 (a)6.4 (u)-3.3 (tomation. )-6 ( )]TJ
-0.0018 Tc 0.0033 Tw -11.3413 -1.1497 Td
[(Stu)-4.8 (d)-4.8 (i)0.6 (es su)-4.8 (ch)-4.8 ( as th)-4.8 (e )6 (o)-4.8 (n)-4.8 (e)4.9 ( repo)-4.8 (rt)6.6 (ed)-4.8 ( ab)-4.8 (ov)-4.8 (e )6 (will co)-4.8 (n)-4.8 (t)6.6 (ribu)-4.8 (te to)-4.8 ( an)-4.8 ( )]TJ
-0.00121 Tc 0.0027 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD
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0.00031 Tc 0.00121 Tw 0 -1.1437 TD
[(gain a)7 (w)-2.1 (a)7 (r)-2 (enes)6.2 (s)6.2 ( that can be)7 ( us)6.2 (ed )]TJ
0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 12.9701 0 Td
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-0.00169 Tc 0.0032 Tw -12.9701 -1.1497 Td
[(in)-4.7 ( th)-4.7 (e )6 (d)-4.7 (e)-1 (si)6.7 (g)-4.7 (n)1.3 ( of au)-4.7 (to)-4.7 (mated)-4.7 ( too)-4.7 (l)0.7 (s. )6 ( )6 ( )]TJ
0 Tc 0 Tw 1.1317 -1.1497 Td
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0.00011 Tc -1.1317 -1.1557 Td
[(Ackn)5.2 (owledgm)6.8 (e)1 (nts.)4.6 ( )]TJ
/TT0 1 Tf
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-0.0004 Tc 0.00191 Tw T*
[(and the c)6.3 (o)2.6 (ntroller subject mat)8 (t)2 (er)]TJ
0.0006 Tc 0.0009 Tw 12.9162 0 Td
[( ex)3.6 (perts)6.5 ( wit)9 (h)-2.4 (o)3.6 (u)-2.4 (t )6 (wh)3.6 (om)6 ( thi)9 (s)0.5 ( )]TJ
0.00211 Tc -0.0006 Tw -12.9162 -1.1497 Td
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0 Tc 0 Tw 1.1317 -1.1497 Td
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/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0007 Tc 8.6527 -1.1497 Td
[(REFERE)9 (NC)4.1 (ES )]TJ
0 Tc -8.6527 -1.1497 Td
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-0.00011 Tc -0.0018 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 324 367.62 Tm
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0.0004 Tc -0.0023 Tw 14.782 0 Td
[(Crutchfield, J., Ni)-7.5 (kolic, D. )-7.5 (& )-7.5 (Manning, )]TJ
0.0033 Tc -0.0052 Tw -12.5263 -1.1504 Td
[(C.)5.2 ( \()5.5 (1999\))5.5 ( )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
0.002 Tc -0.00391 Tw 4.3383 0 Td
[(Situation awareness as a p)5.8 (r)0.2 (edictor of perfor)7.7 (mance in en route )]TJ
0.00121 Tc -0.0031 Tw -4.3383 -1.1504 Td
(Air Traffic Controllers)Tj
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0.00031 Tc -0.0022 Tw 9.1353 0 Td
[(, DO)-6.9 (T/FAA/)-7.6 (A)-6.9 (M)2.2 (-99/3, Springf)-5 (ield, VA: )-7.5 (NTI)-5 (S)0.1 (.)-5.3 ( )]TJ
0.0022 Tc 0.0034 Tw -11.391 -1.1504 Td
[(E)4 (ndsley)6 (,)4.1 ( M)4.1 (.)4.1 ( \()4.4 (1988)6 (\))4.4 (.)4.1 ( )7.5 (Situation )7.5 (Awar)]TJ
0.002 Tc -0.00391 Tw 14.3835 0 Td
[(eness Global Assessm)12.9 (ent Technique )]TJ
0.0031 Tc -0.005 Tw -12.1278 -1.1579 Td
[(\()5.3 (S)2.9 (AGAT)4.9 (\))-2.2 (,)5 ( CH2596-)5.3 (5/88/0)6.9 (000-)5.3 (07)6.9 (89,)12.5 ( )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
-0.002 Tc 0 Tw 15.1429 0 Td
[(IE)-7.7 (EE)]TJ
/TT1 1 Tf
0.0041 Tc -0.006 Tw [0.3 (, pp789-)6.3 (79)7.9 (5.)6 ( )]TJ
0.002 Tc -0.00391 Tw -17.3985 -1.1504 Td
[(FAA \()4.2 (2011\))4.2 (.)3.9 ( )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
0.0025 Tc -0.00439 Tw 5.4286 0 Td
[(F)4.3 (A)4.3 (A)-3.2 ( )-7.5 (A)4.3 (e)2.7 (rospace F)4.3 (o)-1.3 (recasts F)4.3 (i)2.1 (scal Years 20)6.3 (11-)4.7 (202)6.3 (5 )]TJ
/TT1 1 Tf
0.0013 Tc 0 Tw -3.1729 -1.1504 Td
[(http://www.faa.gov/about/o)5.1 (ffice_org)5.1 (/)0.9 (h)]TJ
0.0015 Tc 15.5338 0 Td
[(eadquarters_offi)8.7 (ces/apl/aviation_f)]TJ
0.0014 Tc -0.0033 Tw -15.5338 -1.1579 Td
[(orecasts/aerospace)-5.9 (_forecasts/201)5.2 (1- 2031 )7.5 ( )]TJ
-0.00079 Tc 0.0816 Tw -2.2556 -1.1504 Td
[(Ho)-12.1 (m)17.6 (o)-4.6 (l)-8.7 (a)-0.6 (, J.)-6.4 (, Le)-8.1 (e, P)-8.6 (., Le)-8.1 (e, H)-8 (., )-7.5 (Main)-4.6 (in)-4.6 (i)-8.7 (,)1.1 ( M.)-6.4 (, Brasil)-8.7 (, C.)-6.4 (, M)-6.4 (a)-0.6 (rtin)-4.6 (, L)-6.5 (., Cab)-4.6 (r)-6.1 (all, )-7.5 (C.,)-6.4 ( )]TJ
0.0054 Tc -0.00729 Tw 2.2556 -1.1504 Td
[(G)5.8 (r)7.6 (e)5.6 (gg,)7.3 ( S.)7.3 (, Me)5.6 (r)7.6 (c)5.6 (er)7.6 (, J. & Pr)7.6 (e)5.6 (vot)5 (,)7.3 ( )-7.5 (T)7.2 (.)-0.2 ( )]TJ
0.00211 Tc -0.004 Tw 13.8797 0 Td
[(\()4.3 (accepted\))4.3 (.)4 ( )-7.5 (Design an)-9.2 (d evaluation of a )]TJ
0.00101 Tc 0.343 Tw -13.8797 -1.1579 Td
[(corridors-in-the-sk)-10.3 (y)4.8 ( concept: The )-7.5 (be)]TJ
0.00121 Tc 0.3428 Tw 15.7068 0 Td
[(nefits and )7.5 (feas)6.9 (ibility of adding )]TJ
0.0018 Tc 0.4324 Tw -15.7068 -1.1504 Td
[(highly)5.6 ( str)4 (u)-2 (ctur)4 (ed r)4 (outes to a )-7.5 (m)20.2 (i)-6.1 (xed equipa)9.6 (ge en)5.6 (vir)4 (o)-2 (n)-9.5 (m)20.2 (ent.)3.7 ( )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
0.00571 Tc 0 Tw 27.1504 0 Td
[(A)7.5 (I)7.9 (AA )]TJ
0.00211 Tc 0.0712 Tw -27.1504 -1.1504 Td
[(Guidance,)4 ( Navigat)9.3 (ion )-15 (&)28.1 ( )-7.5 (Control Co)5.9 (nference )-7.5 (\()11.8 (G)2.5 (NC2012\))4.3 (,)]TJ
/TT1 1 Tf
0.00259 Tc 0.07069 Tw 23.7293 0 Td
[( M)4.5 (i)2.2 (nneapolis, )]TJ
0.0027 Tc 0.0029 Tw -23.7293 -1.1579 Td
[(M)4.6 (N)3.1 (,)4.6 ( August )7.5 (13-)4.9 (16)6.5 (.)4.6 ( )]TJ
0.00191 Tc -0.0038 Tw -2.2556 -1.1504 Td
[(Joint Planning and)5.7 ( Develop)-9.4 (m)12.8 (ent Office \()4.1 (2011\))4.1 (.)3.8 ( )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
19.3459 0 Td
(Concept of Operations for )Tj
0.00169 Tc -0.0036 Tw -17.0902 -1.1504 Td
[(the Next Generation of A)3.5 (i)1.3 (r Transport)8.9 (a)-2.1 (tion System)]TJ
/TT1 1 Tf
0.0029 Tc -0.00481 Tw 20.0451 0 Td
[(,)4.8 ( Ver)5.1 (s)-6.4 (ion 3.)4.8 (2,)4.8 ( 22 )]TJ
0.00031 Tc -0.0022 Tw -20.0451 -1.1579 Td
[(Dece)-14.5 (m)18.7 (b)-3.5 (e)-7 (r)2.5 (. )-7.5 (Washin)-11 (gton, DC: JPDO.)-5.3 ( )]TJ
0.00281 Tc -0.0047 Tw -2.2556 -1.1504 Td
[(Pr)5 (ev\364t,)4.7 ( T.)4.7 ( \()5 (2002\))5 (.)4.7 ( )-7.5 (E)4.6 (xplor)5 (ing the )-7.5 (m)13.7 (a)3 (ny)6.6 ( pe)]TJ
0.002 Tc -0.00391 Tw 16.5564 0 Td
[(r)4.2 (s)0.2 (pectives of distr)4.2 (i)1.6 (buted air)4.2 ( traffi)9.2 (c )]TJ
0.00101 Tc -0.0029 Tw -14.3008 -1.1504 Td
[(m)11.9 (a)-6.3 (nage)-6.3 (m)11.9 (e)1.2 (nt:)-6.9 ( The )-7.5 (Multi-Aircraft Contro)]TJ
0.0002 Tc -0.00211 Tw 16.2256 0 Td
[(l Syste)-14.6 (m)11.1 ( )-7.5 (MACS)-7.6 (. In S)-7.6 (.)2.1 ( Chatty, J.)-5.4 ( )]TJ
0.0033 Tc -0.0052 Tw -16.2256 -1.1579 Td
[(Hans)-6 (m)14.2 (a)3.5 (n )-7.5 (&)6.7 ( G.)5.2 ( Boy)7.1 ( \(eds\))5.5 (,)5.2 ( )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
0.00281 Tc 0.00281 Tw 10.7068 0 Td
[(HC)-6.9 (I)5 (-)-2.5 (A)4.6 (e)3 (ro 2002)]TJ
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.0047 Tw 6.2857 0 Td
[(,)4.7 ( pp)6.6 (149-)5 (1)6.6 (54,)4.7 ( M)4.7 (e)3 (nlo Par)5 (k)-1 (,)4.7 ( C)-6.9 (A)3.2 (: )]TJ
-0.00031 Tc -0.0016 Tw -16.9925 -1.1504 Td
[(AIAA)-7.5 ( Press.)-5.9 ( )-7.5 ( )]TJ
0.0024 Tc -0.0043 Tw -2.2556 -1.1504 Td
[(Pr)4.6 (ev\364t,)4.3 ( T.)4.3 ( )-7.5 (&)5.8 ( Lee,)4.3 ( )-7.5 (P.)4.3 ( \()4.6 (2011\))4.6 (.)4.3 ( Tr)4.6 (ajecto)-8.9 (r)4.6 (y)6.2 (-)]TJ
0.00211 Tc -0.004 Tw 15.9925 0 Td
[(based )-7.5 (co)-9.2 (m)13 (p)-1.7 (lexity)5.9 ( \(T)3.9 (BX\): A )-15.1 (m)13 (odified )]TJ
0.0018 Tc -0.00369 Tw -13.7368 -1.1579 Td
[(air)4 (c)2 (r)4 (a)2 (ft count to predict sector)4 ( )]TJ
0.00211 Tc -0.004 Tw 12.3233 0 Td
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