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Andrew B. Watson
Senior Research Scientist
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Curriculum Vitae  (click to expand/minimize)
Awards Header
(2015)  Ames Technology Award, Patent Award for Visible Motion Blur
(2015)  Ames Technology Award, Tech Brief Award for Motion Blur Evaluation Techniques
(2015)  Ames Technology Award, Tech Brief Award for System to Estimate Visual Acuity from Wavefront Aberrations
(2015)  Ames Technology Award, Tech Brief Award for Video Acuity Measurement System
(2014)  Privately Sponsored, Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers 2014 Journal Award
(2013)  Privately Sponsored, Distinguished Service Award from the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
(2012)  Ames Honor Award, Commercialization/Technology Transfer
(2011)  Presidential Rank Award, President of the United States Presidential Rank Award
(2010)  Privately Sponsored, Fellow Award from the Society for Information Display (SID)
(2008)  Privately Sponsored, 2008 ARVO Special Recognition Award
(2007)  Privately Sponsored, 2007 Otto Schade Prize
(2006)  Privately Sponsored, Optical Society of America Fellowship
(2000)  NASA Tech Brief, Evaluating the Visual Quality of Digital Video Sequences
(1993)  Ames Associate Fellow, AMES Associate Fellow
(1990)  Ames Honor Award, H. Julian Allen Award
Publications Header
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PDF download  A. B. Watson (2015) Computing human optical point spread functions, Journal of Vision, 15(2):26, 1-25 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (2015) Extending the Flicker Visibility Metric to a Range of Mean Luminance, SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 46 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (2015) Letter identification and the Neural Image Classifier, Journal of Vision, 15(2):15, 1-26 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (2014) A formula for human retinal ganglion cell receptive field density as a function of visual field location, Journal of Vision, 14(7), 1-17 Click to read more
A. J. Ahumada, B. D. Adelstein, A. B. Watson, B. R. Beutter, & G. . Guevara (2014) A model of symbol discrimination in vibration blur, Abstracts of the Vision Sciences Society, 14th Annual Meeting, St. Pete Beach, FL, May 16-21, 56.403 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (2013) A formula for the mean human optical modulation transfer function as a function of pupil size, Journal of Vision, 13(6) Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (2013) High Frame Rates and Human Vision: A View Through the Window of Visibility, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal, 122(2), 18-32 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & J. I. Yellott (2012) A unified formula for light-adapted pupil size, Journal of Vision (2012) 12(10):12, 1-16 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (2012) Modeling acuity for optotypes varying in complexity, Journal of Vision, 12(10), 1-19, http://journalofvision.org/12/10/19/ Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (2012) Perimetric complexity of binary digital images: Notes on calculation and relation to visual complexity, Mathematica Journal, 14 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (2011) Blur Clarified: A review and synthesis of blur discrimination, Journal of Vision, 11(5), 1-23 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (2010) Display motion blur: Comparison of measurement methods, Journal of the Society for Information Display, 18(2), 179-190 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, C. G. Ramirez, & E. . Salud (2009) Predicting Visibility of Aircraft, PLoS ONE 4(5): e5594 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (2008) Predicting visual acuity from wavefront aberrations, Journal of Vision, 8(4), 1-19 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (2007) The spatial standard observer: A new tool for display metrology, Information Display, 23(1), 12-15. Click to read more
PDF download  Z. . Liu, L. J. Karam, & A. B. Watson (2006) JPEG2000 Encoding with Perceptual Distortion Control, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 15(7), 1763-1778 Click to read more
P. M. Jones, M. M. Connors, R. K. Dismukes, M. M. Mallis, S. G. Hart, A. B. Watson, & R. W. Remington (2006) NASA's contribution to aviation human factors, In W. Karwoski (Ed.) International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, Second Edition. Alden Books, CRC Press. Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (2006) The Spatial Standard Observer: A human vision model for display inspection, SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 37, 1312-1315 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (2005) A standard model for foveal detection of spatial contrast, Watson, A. B., & Ahumada, A. J., Jr. (2005). A standard model for foveal detection of spatial contrast. Journal of Vision, 5(9), 717-740, http://journalofvision.org/5/9/6/, doi:10.1167/5.9.6. Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (2005) Spatial Standard Observer for Visual Technology, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) Click to read more
T. . Carney, S. A. Klein, B. R. Beutter, A. M. Norcia, C. C. Chen, C. W. Tyler, W. . Makous, A. B. Watson, S. J. Cropper, A. V. Popple, K. . Robertson, V. . Manahilov, B. . Simpson, & K. . Wenzel (2002) Extending the modelfest image/threshold database into the spatio-temporal domain, SPIE Proc. 4662, 138-148 Click to read more
PDF download  S. . Wuerger, A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (2002) Toward a standard observer for spatio-chromatic detection, SPIE Proc. Vol. 4662, 159-172 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & J. . Malo (2002) Video quality measures based on the standard spatial observer, International Conference on Image Processing. Proceedings. Volume 3,  24-28 June 2002 Page(s):III-41 - III-44 vol.3 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, J. . Hu, & J. F. McGowan (2001) DVQ: A digital video quality metric based on human vision, Journal of Electronic Imaging, 10(1), 20-29. Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & L. . Kreslake (2001) Measurement of visual impairment scales for digital video, Proceedings, Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IX, San Jose, CA, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 4299 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & C. G. Ramirez (2000) A Standard Observer for spatial vision, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 41(4), S713 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (2000) Visual detection of spatial contrast patterns: Evaluation of five simple models, Optics Express 6(1), 12-33 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, J. . Hu, J. F. McGowan, & J. B. Mulligan (1999) Design and performance of a digital video quality metric, Proceedings, Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IX, San Jose, CA, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 3644, pp. 168-174 Click to read more
PDF download  J. A. Solomon, A. B. Watson, & M. J. Morgan (1999) Transducer model produces facilitation from opposite-sign flanks, Vision Res, 39(5), 987-992 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1998) The search for optimal visual stimuli, Vision Research, 38, 1619-1621 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1998) Toward a perceptual video quality metric, Human Vision and Electronic Imaging III, 3299,139-147. Bellingham, WA: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentaion Engineers Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & J. A. Solomon (1997) A Model of Visual Contrast Gain Control and Pattern Masking, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Volume 14, Issue 9, 2378 - 2390. Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (1997) DCTune perceptual optimization of compressed dental X-Rays, Proceedings, Medical Imaging, Newport Beach, CA, SPIE Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, M. . Taylor, & R. . Borthwick (1997) Image quality and entropy masking, SPIE Proceedings, Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display VIII, San Jose, CA, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 3016, paper 1 Click to read more
A. M. Rohaly, A. J. Ahumada, & A. B. Watson (1997) Object detection in natural backgrounds predicted by discrimination performance and models, Vision Research, 37, 3225-3235 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, G. . Yang, J. A. Solomon, & J. . Villasenor (1997) Visibility of wavelet quantization noise, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 6, 1164-1175 Click to read more
PDF download  M. P. Eckstein, A. J. Ahumada, & A. B. Watson (1997) Visual signal detection in structured backgrounds. II. Effects of contrast gain control, background variations and white noise, Journal of the Optical Society A, 14(9), 2406-2419 Click to read more
M. P. Eckstein, A. J. Ahumada, & A. B. Watson (1997) What is degrading human detection performance in natural medical image backgrounds?, Medical Image Perception, ed. H. Kundel, Proceedings, 3016, 50-64, SPIE, Bellingham, WA Click to read more
PDF download  J. A. Solomon, & A. B. Watson (1996) Cinematica: A system for calibrated Macintosh-driven displays from within Mathematica., Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28 (4), 607-610 Click to read more
PDF download  R. . Rosenholtz, & A. B. Watson (1996) Perceptual adaptive JPEG coding, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1, 901-904 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & J. A. Solomon (1996) Psychophysica: Mathematica notebooks for psychophysical experiments, Spatial Vision, 10, 447-466 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, G. . Yang, J. A. Solomon, & J. . Villasenor (1996) Visual thresholds for wavelet quantization error, Human Vision and Electronic Imaging, B. Rogowitz & J. Allebach, Ed. Proceedings of the SPIE, 2657, 382-392 Click to read more
PDF download  A. M. Rohaly, A. J. Ahumada, & A. B. Watson (1995) A comparison of image quality models and metrics predicting object detection, in J. Morreale (Ed.), SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers (pp. 45-48). Santa Ana, CA: Society for Information Display Click to read more
A. M. Van Dijk, J. B. Martens, & A. B. Watson (1995) Quality assessment of coded images using numerical category scaling, SPIE Proceedings, 2451, 90-101 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, J. A. Solomon, & A. J. Ahumada (1994) DCT basis function visibility: Effects of viewing distances and contrast masking, Proceedings, Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IV, Bellingham, WA, SPIE, pp. 99-108 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & M. P. Eckert (1994) Motion-contrast sensitivity: Visibility of motion gradients of various spatial frequencies, Journal of the Optical Society of America A 11(2), 496-505 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (1994) Perceptual optimization of DCT color quantization matrices, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Austin, TX, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 100-104 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, J. A. Solomon, & A. J. Ahumada (1994) Visibility of DCT basis functions: Effects of contrast masking , Proceedings, Data Compression Conference, Snowbird, Utah, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 361-370 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, J. A. Solomon, & A. J. Ahumada (1994) Visibility of DCT basis functions: Effects of display resolution, Proceedings, Data Compression Conference, Snowbird, Utah, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 371-379 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, J. A. Solomon, A. . Gale, & A. J. Ahumada (1994) Visibility of DCT quantization noise: Effects of display resolution, Proceedings, Society for Information Display, San Jose, CA, Society for Information Display, pp. 697-700 Click to read more
H. A. Peterson, A. J. Ahumada, & A. B. Watson (1993) An improved detection model for DCT coefficient quantization, SPIE Proceedings, ed. B. Rogowitz and J. Allebach, 1913, 191-201 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (1993) DCT quantization matrices visually optimized for individual images, Proceedings, Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IV, Bellingham, WA, SPIE, pp. 202-216 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (1993) DCTune: A Technique for visual optimization of DCT quantization matrices for individual images, Society for Information Display Digest of Technical Papers XXIV, 946-949 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (1993) Image compression using the Discrete Cosine Transform, The Mathematica Journal, 4(1), 81-88 Click to read more
PDF download  H. A. Peterson, A. J. Ahumada, & A. B. Watson (1993) The visibility of DCT quantization noise, Society for Information Display Digest of Technical Papers, 24, pp. 942-945 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (1993) Visual optimization of DCT quantization matrices for individual images, Proceedings, AIAA Computing in Aerospace 9, San Diego, CA, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, pp. 286-291 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (1993) Visually optimal DCT quantization matrices for individual images, Data Compression Conference, 1993. DCC '93. 30 March-2 April 1993 Page(s):178 – 187 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & C. L. Tiana (1992) Color motion video coded by perceptual components, Society for Information Display Digest of Technical Papers, 23, 314-317 Click to read more
M. P. Eckert, G. . Buchsbaum, & A. B. Watson (1992) Separability of spatiotemporal spectra of image sequences, Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on Volume 14,  Issue 12,  Dec. 1992 Page(s):1210 - 1213 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1992) Transfer of contrast sensitivity in linear visual networks, Visual Neuroscience, 8, 65-76 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1990) Algotecture of visual cortex, C. B. Blakemore (Ed.), Vision: Coding and efficiency (pp. 391-410). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Click to read more
PDF download  L. S. Stone, A. B. Watson, & J. B. Mulligan (1990) Effect Of Contrast On The Perceived Direction Of A Moving Plaid, Vision Res., 30, 1049-1067. Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson (1990) Gain, noise, and contrast sensitivity of linear visual neurons, Visual Neuroscience, 4, 147-157 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1990) Optimal displacement in apparent motion and quadrature models of motion sensing, Vision Research, 30(9), 1389-1393 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1990) Perceptual-components architecture for digital video, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 7(10), 1943-1954. Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & A. . Fitzhugh (1990) The method of constant stimuli is inefficient, Perception & Psychophysics, 47(1), 87-91 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (1989) A hexagonal orthogonal-oriented pyramid as a model of image representation in visual cortex, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 36(1), 97-106 Click to read more
PDF download  L. S. Stone, A. B. Watson, & J. B. Mulligan (1989) Effect Of Contrast On The Perception Of Direction Of A Moving Pattern, NASA Technical Memorandum #102234 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & A. . Fitzhugh (1989) Modelling character legibility, Society for Information Display Digest of Technical Papers, 20, 360-363 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1989) Recursive, in-place algorithm for the hexagonal orthogonal oriented quadrature image pyramid, Proceedings of the SPIE, 1099, 194-200 Click to read more
L. S. Stone, J. B. Mulligan, & A. B. Watson (1988) Contrast Affects the Perceived Direction of a Moving Plaid, Optics News, v. 14 no. 9, 206 Click to read more
L. S. Stone, J. B. Mulligan, & A. B. Watson (1988) Neural Determination of the Direction of Motion: Contrast Affects the Perceived Direction of a Moving Plaid, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 14, 1251 Click to read more
A. J. Ahumada, & A. B. Watson (1988) Simulation of Early Visual Processes, Proceedings Summer Computer Simulation Conference, ed. C. C. Barnett and W. M. Holmes, pp. 411-415, Society for Computer Simulation International, San Diego, California Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (1987) An orthogonal oriented quadrature hexagonal image pyramid, NASA Technical Memorandum 100054 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1987) Efficiency of an image code based on human vision, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 4(12), 2401-2417 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1987) Estimation of local spatial scale, Journal of the Optical Society A, 4, 1579-1582 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1987) The cortex transform: Rapid computation of simulated neural images, Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 39(3), 311-327 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1986) Ideal shrinking and expansion of discrete sequences, NASA Technical Memorandum 88202 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & A. . Poirson (1986) Separable two-dimensional discrete Hartley transform, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 3(12), 2001-2004 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1986) Temporal sensitivity, in K. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of Perception and Human Performance New York: Wiley Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, K. . Nielsen, A. . Poirson, A. . Fitzhugh, A. . Bilson, K. . Nguyen, & A. J. Ahumada (1986) Use of a raster framebuffer in vision research, Behavioral Research Methods, Instrumentation and Computers 18, 587-594 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, A. J. Ahumada, & J. E. Farrell (1986) Window of visibility: Psychophysical theory of fidelity in time-sampled visual motion displays, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 3(3), 300-307 Click to read more
K. . Nielsen, A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (1985) Application of a computable model of human spatial vision to phase discrimination, JOSA A 2, 1600-1606 Click to read more
A. J. Ahumada, & A. B. Watson (1985) Equivalent noise model for contrast detection and discrimination, JOSA A, 2, 1133-1139 Click to read more
PDF download  A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (1985) Model of human visual-motion sensing , Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2(2), 322-342 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & A. J. Ahumada (1983) A look at motion in the frequency domain, NASA Technical Memorandum 84352. Also published in J. K. Tsotsos (Ed.), Motion: Perception and representation (pp. 1-10). New York: Association for Computing Machinery Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1983) Detection and recognition of simple spatial forms, NASA Technical Memorandum 84353. Also published in O. J. Braddick, & A. C. Sleigh (Ed.), Physical and biological processing of images Berlin: Springer-Verlag Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & D. G. Pelli (1983) QUEST: A Bayesian adaptive psychometric method, Perception and Psychophysics, 33(2), 113-120 Click to read more
A. J. Ahumada, D. C. Nagel, A. B. Watson, & J. I. Yellott (1983) Reduction of Display Artifacts by Random Sampling, Proceedings of the SPIE 432, 216-221 Click to read more
C. . Enroth-Cugell, J. G. Robson, D. E. Schweitzer-Tong, & A. B. Watson (1983) Spatio-temporal interactions in cat retinal ganglion cells showing linear spatial summation, Christina Enroth-Cugell, J. G. Robson, D.E Schweitzer-Tong & Andrew B. Watson, Journal of Physiology (London), 341, 279-307 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1983) What does the eye see best?, Horace B. Barlow, & John G. Robson, Nature, 302(5907), 419-422 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1982) Derivation of the impulse response: Comments on the method of Roufs and Blommaert, Vision Research, 22, 1335-1337 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1982) Summation of grating patches indicates many types of detector at one retinal location, Vision Research, 22, 17-25 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1981) A single channel model does not predict the visibility of asynchronous gratings , Vision Research, 21, 1799-1800 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & J. G. Robson (1981) Discrimination at threshold: Labelled detectors in human vision, Vision Research, 21, 1115-1122 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, P. . Thompson, B. J. Murphy, & J. . Nachmias (1980) Summation and discrimination of gratings moving in opposite directions, Vision Research, 20, 341-347 Click to read more
A. B. Watson, & J. . Nachmias (1980) Summation of asynchronous gratings, Vision Research, 20, 91-94 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1979) Probability summation over time, Vision Research, 19, 515-522 Click to read more
A. B. Watson (1977) Patterns of temporal interaction in the detection of gratings, Vision Research, 17, 893-902 Click to read more
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Last Updated: May 19, 2020